被动语态的基本构成:主语+ be +及物动词的过去分词。动词的执行者由介词by引出,往往可以省去。被动语态是动词的一种形式,有时态、人称和数的变化,这种变化体现在助动词be上。英语中常用的十种被动语态如下表所示(以ask为例):
十种被动语态
1. 一般现在时:主语+ am/is/are +过去分词
English is taught in most schools in china.
中国大多数学校都教英语。
2. 一般过去时:主语+ was/were +过去分词
The computer was put into operation in 1942.
计算机于1942年投入运行。
3. 一般将来时:主语+ shall/will + be +过去分词
The sports meet will be put off.
运动会将被推迟。
4. 过去将来时:主语+ should/would + be +过去分词
He said he would be loved if he loved others.
他说只要他爱别人,自己就会被爱。
5. 现在进行时:主语+ am/is/are + being +过去分词
I'm afraid I am being followed.
恐怕有人正在跟踪我。
6. 过去进行时:主语+ was/were + being +过去分词
The hospital was being built when I came last time.
上次我来时,这家医院正在修建中。
7. 现在完成时:主语+ have/has + been过去分词
Many new buildings have been completed in the city.
这座城市里已经建成许多新建筑。
8. 过去完成时:主语+ had been +过去分词
All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived.
他们到达时,所有的票已经售完了。
9. 将来完成时:主语+ shall/will + have been +过去分词
The new factory will have been completed by the end of this month.
这个月末,这个新工厂将会竣工。
10.过去将来完成时:主语+ should/would + have been +过去分词
He said that Book One would have been finished by the end of this term.
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